Understanding Vertigo: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Vertigo?

Vertigo is a feeling that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving. Often, people describe it as dizziness, but vertigo is more than just feeling lightheaded. Instead, it creates a strong sense of movement even when you are still. Because vertigo can affect balance, it may make daily tasks difficult. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), vertigo is a common reason people visit doctors, especially ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) specialists. If you live in a city or rural area, vertigo can affect anyone, regardless of location.

Common Symptoms of Vertigo

Vertigo symptoms can vary from person to person. However, most people experience a spinning sensation. In addition, you may notice other signs. For example, you might feel:

Loss of balance or unsteadiness

Nausea or vomiting

Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

Headache

Abnormal eye movements

Feeling lightheaded or faint

Sometimes, symptoms last only a few seconds. But in other cases, they can last for hours or even days. Because vertigo can be mild or severe, it is important to pay attention to your symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors of Vertigo

There are several causes of vertigo. Most often, it starts in the inner ear, which helps control balance. Common causes include:

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): This happens when tiny crystals in the inner ear move out of place.

Meniere’s disease: This condition causes fluid buildup in the inner ear, leading to vertigo and hearing loss.

Vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis: These are infections that cause swelling in the inner ear.

Other risk factors can increase your chances of vertigo. For example, head injuries, certain medications, or a family history of ear problems may play a role. In addition, older adults are more likely to experience vertigo. According to the CDC, some health conditions, like migraines, can also trigger vertigo.

How Vertigo is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose vertigo. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may perform a physical exam. Often, ENT vertigo specialists check your balance and eye movements. Sometimes, they use special tests, such as:

Hearing tests

Balance tests (like the Dix-Hallpike maneuver)

Imaging scans (such as MRI or CT scans)

Because vertigo can have many causes, your doctor may order more tests to rule out other problems. Early diagnosis helps guide the best vertigo treatment options.

Treatment Options for Vertigo

Vertigo treatment depends on the cause. In many cases, vertigo goes away on its own. However, some people need medical help. Common vertigo treatment options include:

Medications to reduce dizziness and nausea

Physical therapy, such as balance exercises

Canalith repositioning maneuvers (for BPPV)

Hearing aids (for Meniere’s disease)

Surgery (rarely, for severe cases)

Sometimes, lifestyle changes can also help manage vertigo. Your ENT vertigo specialist will suggest the best plan for you.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you may not prevent all cases of vertigo, some steps can lower your risk. For example, you can:

Move slowly when getting up or changing positions

Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet

Avoid sudden head movements

Manage stress and get enough sleep

Use handrails or support when walking, especially if you feel dizzy

In addition, regular check-ups with your doctor can help catch problems early. If you have a history of vertigo, following your doctor’s advice is important.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, vertigo is mild and goes away quickly. However, you should see a doctor if:

Vertigo lasts for hours or days

You have trouble walking or standing

You notice hearing loss or ringing in your ears

You faint, have chest pain, or severe headache

Because vertigo can signal other health problems, it is always best to get checked by an ENT vertigo specialist. Early care can help you feel better and prevent falls or injuries.

In summary, vertigo can affect anyone and may have many causes. With the right diagnosis and treatment, most people can manage their symptoms. Consult Dr. Ramya R, ENT specialist, for personalized guidance on vertigo.